Tuftsin diacetate, a tetrapeptide, is a macrophage/microglial activator. Tuftsin is a tetrapeptide, Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg, which resides in the Fc-domain of the heavy chain of immunoglobulin G. Tuftsin possesses a broad spectrum of activities related primarily to the immune system function and exerts on phagocytic cells, notably on macrophages.

Methyl 3-phenylpropanoate is an endogenous metabolite.

D-Tagatose a rare natural hexoketose is an isomer of d-galactose. D-Tagatose occurs naturally in Sterculia setigera gum and it is also found in small quantities in various foods such as sterilized and powdered cow's milk hot cocoa and a variety of cheeses yogurts and other dairy products.